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18

2025

-

06

Do you know what makes up an ultrasonic sensor?

A ultrasonic sensor is itself a remarkably small electronic component—so tiny, in fact, that it can be integrated into an incredibly compact circuit, enabling it to effectively sense its surroundings. It can even be crafted into portable detection devices. Yet despite its minuscule size, the sensor still consists of distinct functional components that work together harmoniously to perform its intended task.

Do you know what makes up an ultrasonic sensor?

A ultrasonic sensor is itself a remarkably small electronic component—so tiny, in fact, that it can be integrated into an incredibly compact circuit, enabling it to effectively sense its surroundings. It can even be crafted into portable detection devices. Yet despite its minuscule size, the sensor still consists of distinct functional components that work together harmoniously to perform its intended task.

Ultrasound sensing relies crucially on the transmitter, whose primary function is to generate ultrasonic waves. The component responsible for producing these waves is commonly referred to as the "probe." Today, the most widely used type of probe is made from piezoelectric ceramics. When a specific voltage is applied, the piezoelectric ceramic material vibrates at high frequencies—precisely the ultrasonic waves we’re talking about. However, simply emitting ultrasound isn’t enough for the sensor to function effectively. After all, the sensor depends on the reflection of these sound waves off objects to detect and gather information. That’s why the sensor also includes a receiver. Think of the receiver as a specialized microphone designed to "listen" to ultrasonic waves. It captures the mechanical vibrations caused by the reflected sound waves and converts them into electrical signals, which can then be stored and analyzed. Of course, at this stage, the electrical signal is analog. If needed, it can be further processed using a dedicated module that converts the analog signal into a digital format, making it easier to handle and analyze.

 

 

Additionally, the ultrasonic sensor includes a control circuit that manages the operation of other components. Since emitting ultrasonic waves is an active process with this type of sensor, a detection program can be integrated into the control circuit to regulate the transmission distance. In certain situations, frequent detection isn’t necessary—allowing the transmission distance to be set for longer intervals, which in turn helps minimize data volume. Of course, manual adjustment is also possible; users can stop a single transmit-receive cycle simply by pressing a switch.

The ultrasonic sensor also includes a power supply section; if it’s a portable detection device, it can be equipped with a built-in battery. If the sensor is powered externally, an additional power chip is required to deliver the appropriate voltage, ensuring the device operates safely without malfunctioning or producing inaccurate data due to unstable power supply.


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